Need the USA-specific route? Read the updated change of status to F‑1 guide.

What is change of status?

Change of status (COS) refers to switching your visa classification while remaining inside the United States, without leaving the country to apply for a new visa at a consulate. For international students, the most common scenario is moving from a different non-immigrant status (B-1/B-2 visitor, J-1 exchange, F-2 dependent) into F-1 student status.

When does it apply?

  • Arriving in the US on a tourist visa and then deciding to enroll in a degree program
  • Coming on a J-1 exchange program and wanting to continue as a full F-1 student
  • Moving from F-2 (dependent) status to F-1 to begin your own program
  • Any situation where your current visa category no longer matches your activities

The general process

Change of status to F-1 is filed with USCIS using Form I-539:

  1. Get admitted to a SEVP-approved school and receive an I-20
  2. File Form I-539 before your current authorized stay expires
  3. Wait for USCIS approval, currently taking 6 to 12 months
  4. Maintain your current status lawfully throughout processing
  5. Only begin studying as an F-1 student after approval is received
⚠️ You cannot begin studying as an F-1 student until your change of status is approved. Acting before approval can result in unlawful presence and future immigration complications.

Key things to be careful about

  • Timing is critical. You must file before your current status expires. A gap in status causes serious problems.
  • Travel restrictions. Once you file I-539, leaving the US typically abandons your pending application.
  • B-1/B-2 pre-conceived intent. If you entered as a tourist planning to study, USCIS may question the application.
  • J-1 two-year home residency requirement. Some J-1 holders cannot change to F-1 without a waiver, check if this applies to you.

If your situation is complex or you are unsure whether change of status applies, reach out for a free consultation before taking any steps.