What is OPT?

Optional Practical Training (OPT) gives F1 students work authorization in their field of study — typically after graduation. Standard OPT lasts 12 months. Students who graduate with a STEM-designated degree can apply for a 24-month extension, giving up to 36 months total.

Timing and application

  • Apply up to 90 days before your graduation date
  • USCIS processing takes 3 to 5 months — do not wait until you need it
  • You have a 60-day grace period after graduation to activate OPT before it expires
  • Your employer does not need to be lined up before you apply, but you must start working within 90 days of your EAD card start date

STEM OPT extension

If your degree has a STEM designation and you have a qualifying job offer, you can apply for an additional 24 months of OPT. Your employer must be enrolled in E-Verify. Apply before your initial 12-month OPT expires.

How OPT differs from CPT

  • OPT is typically used after graduation. CPT is used during your program.
  • OPT is applied for through USCIS. CPT is authorized by your DSO.
  • Using 12+ months of full-time CPT eliminates your OPT eligibility — a significant planning consideration.
  • OPT does not require a specific employer to be listed in advance. CPT must be for a specific employer related to your curriculum.

How you use CPT during your degree directly affects how much OPT time you have after graduation. Read the Day 1 CPT guide to understand the interaction before making decisions.

OPT and the H1B path

OPT — especially STEM OPT — is what gives most international graduates the time they need to find an H1B sponsor and go through the lottery. Without it, you'd need a job offer and visa approval before your status ends, which is extremely difficult in practice.